Q.
Answer
Lucasfilmâs THX guidelines and recommendations are based substantially on the work published by the Society of Motion Picture and Theater Engineers (SMPTE), combined with their own research. Nearly all of the recommended practices and (engineering) guidelines from SMPTE and THX, which are derived from a combination of psychological and physiological analysis and experiments, are targeted at âcritical,â e.g. telecine color grading, TV production, etc., and commercial applications such as motion picture theaters, etc. Nevertheless such recommendations and guidelines (at least in part) can be helpful for the serious home theater enthusiast who is interested in maximizing his or her viewing experience. By the way, as one might expect, THX does publish basic seat-to-screen distance guidelines for projection screens and HDTVâs used in home theater applications. These residential consumer guidelines specify a MAXIMUM viewing angle of no more the 40°. This results in viewers sitting much closer to a display screen than is normally the case, however this shouldnât pose any significant issues when combined with high performance image and video processing and well mastered, carefully encoded source material - both high definition and (up-converted) standard definition.
For the purpose of creating a quasi-immersive home theater viewing experience when using 720 (750) and 1080 (1125) TVL high definition display systems, I believe that the SMPTE professional recommended practices and engineering guidelines establish a reasonable approximation for a MAXIMUM viewing distance. Likewise, the wider field-of-view THX guidelines establish a reasonable approximation for a MINIMUM viewing distance. However if one preferred to err on the side of caution I recommend leaning toward the SMPTE professional recommended practices and engineering guidelines as an acceptable approximation for a MINIMUMârather than maximumâviewing distance especially when working with 720 TVL displays and projectors. This is the method that largely underlies my recommendations as well as my personal display and viewing environment preferences.
For what itâs worth Erik Garci has done a good job of collecting and summarizing a few of the more common recommended practices and guidelines in the Notes and References sections of his PPD Calculator Webpage that delve into this topic.
To round-out his reference section I have also include a list of excerpts and additional resources if anyone is interested in further research on this topic.
######################## RESOURCES ########################
Erik Garci
â Pixels Per Degree Calculator
http://home.roadrunner.com/~res18h39/calculator.htm
â Isometric Diagram for THX Cinema Audience Viewing Angles
http://home.roadrunner.com/~res18h39/thxscope.gif
________________________
SMPTE STANDARD 196M-1993 Motion-Picture Film â Indoor Theater and Review Room Projection â Screen Luminance and Viewing Conditions (Superseded by SMPTE 196M-2003)
http://store.smpte.org/product-p/smpte%200196m-2003.htm
Quoted excerpt:
   9 Review room viewing conditions
   All observers in a review room shall be located within a standard observing area which shall be:
   â within the limits of a 15° angle on either side of a perpendicular to the center of the screen, in both the horizontal and vertical planes;
   â at a distance of 3 picture heights ± 1 picture height from the screen.
________________________
SMPTE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE RP 166-1995, Critical Viewing Conditions for Evaluation of Color Television Pictures (Archived 2004)
http://store.smpte.org/product-p/rp%200166-1995.htm
Quoted excerpt:
   1 Scope
   1.1 This practice specifies the environmental and surround conditions that are required in television or video program review areas for the consistent and critical evaluation of 525-line, 59.94-field television signals and other video program material at different technical facilities on properly aligned color picture monitors.
   1.2 This practice also is designed to provide for repeatable color grading or correction and the rendering of subjective assessments when used with RP 167.
   .
   .
   .
   3 Observer viewing characteristics
   3.1 The observer should have normal color perception.
   3.2 Adequate time must be allowed for visual adaptation to the viewing environment.
   3.3 The observerâs distance from the monitor screen should be 4--6 picture heights.
   3.4 The observer should view the monitor screen at a preferred angle in both the horizontal and vertical planes of 0° ± 5°, but no greater than ± 15°, from the perpendicular to the midpoint of the screen.
________________________
Society of Motion Picture and Theater Engineers (SMPTE)
Westerink, J. H. D. M. and J. A. J. Roufs. âSubjective Image Quality as a Function of Viewing Distance, Resolution, and Picture Size.â February 1989. SMPTE J., Vol. 98, p. 113
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Joyce+H.+D.+M.+Westerink+site%3Asmpte.org
SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 18-1994, Design of Effective Cine Theaters, March 1994, (Withdrawn in 2003)
SMPTE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE RP 167-1995, Alignment of NTSC Color Picture Monitors
http://store.smpte.org/product-p/rp%200167-1995.htm
________________________
THX
â THX Home Theater Display Setup
http://www.thx.com/home/setup/display.html
â THX Certified Cinema Design - Screen Placement
http://www.thx.com/cinema/builtTHX/screen.html
[PDF] Lucasfilm THX Theatre Alignment Program (âTAPâ) Guidelines
http://www.thx.com/library/pdf/guidelines.pdf
[PDF] Screen Size: The Impact on Picture & Sound
http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/English_(US)/Professional/Technical_Library/Technologies/Dolby_Spectral_Recording_(SR)/19_screensize.pdf
[tig] viewing distances
http://tig.colorist.org/pipermail/tig/2004-September/005887.html
################## ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ##################
Carlton Bale
â Home Theater Calculator: Viewing Distance, Screen Size
http://www.carltonbale.com/home-theater/home-theater-calculator/
â Screen Size vs. Viewing Distance vs. Resolution
http://www.carltonbale.com/2006/11/1080p-does-matter/
Chris Collinsâ âMy Home Theaterâ Website
â Vertical Viewing Angle
http://www.myhometheater.homestead.com/Verticalviewing.html
â Viewing Distance Calculator
http://www.myhometheater.homestead.com/viewingdistancecalculator.html
[PDF] Sugawara, M., K. Mitani, M. Kanazawa, F. Okano, Y. Nishida. âFuture Prospects of HDTV â Technical Trends Toward 1080pâ
http://www.nhk.or.jp/digital/en/technical/pdf/02_1_1.pdf
Entertainment Technology Consultants
â [PDF] Cowan, M. âImage Quality for Home Theatreâ
http://www.etconsult.com/papers/Image%20Quality%20for%20Home%20Theatre%20Matt%20Cowan.pdf
â [PDF] Cowan, M. âDigital Cinema Resolution â Current Situation and Future Requirementsâ
http://www.etconsult.com/papers/Technical%20Issues%20in%20Cinema%20Resolution.pdf
[PDF] Steinke, G. âHigh Definition Surround Sound with Accompanying HD Pictureâ
http://www.tonmeister.de/symposium/2005/np_pdf/F04.pdf
[PDF] Research on Human Factors in Ultra-High-Definition Television
http://www.nhk.or.jp/digital/en/technical/pdf/IBC2007_08040906.pdf
http://www.smpte.org/journal/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/2008-04-uhdtv.pdf
Â
Lucasfilmâs THX guidelines and recommendations are based substantially on the work published by the Society of Motion Picture and Theater Engineers (SMPTE), combined with their own research. Nearly all of the recommended practices and (engineering) guidelines from SMPTE and THX, which are derived from a combination of psychological and physiological analysis and experiments, are targeted at âcritical,â e.g. telecine color grading, TV production, etc., and commercial applications such as motion picture theaters, etc. Nevertheless such recommendations and guidelines (at least in part) can be helpful for the serious home theater enthusiast who is interested in maximizing his or her viewing experience. By the way, as one might expect, THX does publish basic seat-to-screen distance guidelines for projection screens and HDTVâs used in home theater applications. These residential consumer guidelines specify a MAXIMUM viewing angle of no more the 40°. This results in viewers sitting much closer to a display screen than is normally the case, however this shouldnât pose any significant issues when combined with high performance image and video processing and well mastered, carefully encoded source material - both high definition and (up-converted) standard definition.
For the purpose of creating a quasi-immersive home theater viewing experience when using 720 (750) and 1080 (1125) TVL high definition display systems, I believe that the SMPTE professional recommended practices and engineering guidelines establish a reasonable approximation for a MAXIMUM viewing distance. Likewise, the wider field-of-view THX guidelines establish a reasonable approximation for a MINIMUM viewing distance. However if one preferred to err on the side of caution I recommend leaning toward the SMPTE professional recommended practices and engineering guidelines as an acceptable approximation for a MINIMUMârather than maximumâviewing distance especially when working with 720 TVL displays and projectors. This is the method that largely underlies my recommendations as well as my personal display and viewing environment preferences.
For what itâs worth Erik Garci has done a good job of collecting and summarizing a few of the more common recommended practices and guidelines in the Notes and References sections of his PPD Calculator Webpage that delve into this topic.
To round-out his reference section I have also include a list of excerpts and additional resources if anyone is interested in further research on this topic.
######################## RESOURCES ########################
Erik Garci
â Pixels Per Degree Calculator
http://home.roadrunner.com/~res18h39/calculator.htm
â Isometric Diagram for THX Cinema Audience Viewing Angles
http://home.roadrunner.com/~res18h39/thxscope.gif
________________________
SMPTE STANDARD 196M-1993 Motion-Picture Film â Indoor Theater and Review Room Projection â Screen Luminance and Viewing Conditions (Superseded by SMPTE 196M-2003)
http://store.smpte.org/product-p/smpte%200196m-2003.htm
Quoted excerpt:
   9 Review room viewing conditions
   All observers in a review room shall be located within a standard observing area which shall be:
   â within the limits of a 15° angle on either side of a perpendicular to the center of the screen, in both the horizontal and vertical planes;
   â at a distance of 3 picture heights ± 1 picture height from the screen.
________________________
SMPTE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE RP 166-1995, Critical Viewing Conditions for Evaluation of Color Television Pictures (Archived 2004)
http://store.smpte.org/product-p/rp%200166-1995.htm
Quoted excerpt:
   1 Scope
   1.1 This practice specifies the environmental and surround conditions that are required in television or video program review areas for the consistent and critical evaluation of 525-line, 59.94-field television signals and other video program material at different technical facilities on properly aligned color picture monitors.
   1.2 This practice also is designed to provide for repeatable color grading or correction and the rendering of subjective assessments when used with RP 167.
   .
   .
   .
   3 Observer viewing characteristics
   3.1 The observer should have normal color perception.
   3.2 Adequate time must be allowed for visual adaptation to the viewing environment.
   3.3 The observerâs distance from the monitor screen should be 4--6 picture heights.
   3.4 The observer should view the monitor screen at a preferred angle in both the horizontal and vertical planes of 0° ± 5°, but no greater than ± 15°, from the perpendicular to the midpoint of the screen.
________________________
Society of Motion Picture and Theater Engineers (SMPTE)
Westerink, J. H. D. M. and J. A. J. Roufs. âSubjective Image Quality as a Function of Viewing Distance, Resolution, and Picture Size.â February 1989. SMPTE J., Vol. 98, p. 113
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Joyce+H.+D.+M.+Westerink+site%3Asmpte.org
SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 18-1994, Design of Effective Cine Theaters, March 1994, (Withdrawn in 2003)
SMPTE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE RP 167-1995, Alignment of NTSC Color Picture Monitors
http://store.smpte.org/product-p/rp%200167-1995.htm
________________________
THX
â THX Home Theater Display Setup
http://www.thx.com/home/setup/display.html
â THX Certified Cinema Design - Screen Placement
http://www.thx.com/cinema/builtTHX/screen.html
[PDF] Lucasfilm THX Theatre Alignment Program (âTAPâ) Guidelines
http://www.thx.com/library/pdf/guidelines.pdf
[PDF] Screen Size: The Impact on Picture & Sound
http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/English_(US)/Professional/Technical_Library/Technologies/Dolby_Spectral_Recording_(SR)/19_screensize.pdf
[tig] viewing distances
http://tig.colorist.org/pipermail/tig/2004-September/005887.html
################## ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ##################
Carlton Bale
â Home Theater Calculator: Viewing Distance, Screen Size
http://www.carltonbale.com/home-theater/home-theater-calculator/
â Screen Size vs. Viewing Distance vs. Resolution
http://www.carltonbale.com/2006/11/1080p-does-matter/
Chris Collinsâ âMy Home Theaterâ Website
â Vertical Viewing Angle
http://www.myhometheater.homestead.com/Verticalviewing.html
â Viewing Distance Calculator
http://www.myhometheater.homestead.com/viewingdistancecalculator.html
[PDF] Sugawara, M., K. Mitani, M. Kanazawa, F. Okano, Y. Nishida. âFuture Prospects of HDTV â Technical Trends Toward 1080pâ
http://www.nhk.or.jp/digital/en/technical/pdf/02_1_1.pdf
Entertainment Technology Consultants
â [PDF] Cowan, M. âImage Quality for Home Theatreâ
http://www.etconsult.com/papers/Image%20Quality%20for%20Home%20Theatre%20Matt%20Cowan.pdf
â [PDF] Cowan, M. âDigital Cinema Resolution â Current Situation and Future Requirementsâ
http://www.etconsult.com/papers/Technical%20Issues%20in%20Cinema%20Resolution.pdf
[PDF] Steinke, G. âHigh Definition Surround Sound with Accompanying HD Pictureâ
http://www.tonmeister.de/symposium/2005/np_pdf/F04.pdf
[PDF] Research on Human Factors in Ultra-High-Definition Television
http://www.nhk.or.jp/digital/en/technical/pdf/IBC2007_08040906.pdf
http://www.smpte.org/journal/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/2008-04-uhdtv.pdf
Â
where should i put my panasonic sc-pt660 home theater subwoofer in my room for maximum bass?
PatDubs
Answer
I'm sure you've thought of a few places it would fit, but I'm going to give you some general guidelines.
Walls seem to boost bass slightly, corners even more. Putting the sub in the corner will probably be the most beneficial.
One trick that I was taught years ago was to put the subwoofer on your seat, and play music while moving about the room. Sit in the corner you think the sub would work best and see if it sounds better there or not. Keep moving around to find the best place.
I'm sure you've thought of a few places it would fit, but I'm going to give you some general guidelines.
Walls seem to boost bass slightly, corners even more. Putting the sub in the corner will probably be the most beneficial.
One trick that I was taught years ago was to put the subwoofer on your seat, and play music while moving about the room. Sit in the corner you think the sub would work best and see if it sounds better there or not. Keep moving around to find the best place.
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